Gene names by organism

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Organismsort iconGene nameEtymology
Drosophila melanogasterfruity

Mutant males aren't interested in females. Later, more politically renamed as fruitless.

Drosophila melanogastergrim, reaper

Grim and reaper genes together mediate programmed cell death (apoptosis) in the fruit fly.

Drosophila melanogastericebox

Female icebox mutants do not care about courting males.

Drosophila melanogasterlava lamp

Movements of Golgi bodies labeled with anti-Lava antibody resemble the motions of droplets in a lava lamp.

Drosophila melanogasterlimo

The gene is involved in protein transport.

Drosophila melanogasterlong island expressway

Sperm cells of the mutant flies are elongated. Long Island Expressway is a long highway in New York.

Drosophila melanogasterlush

Mutation causes increased affection to alcohol.

Drosophila melanogastermothers against decapentaplegic

Represses decapentaplegic activity. Mutation in mother affects developing embryos. American mothers are famous for founding organizations opposing, well, many things.

Drosophila melanogasternoose

The gene interacts with string.

Drosophila melanogasterout cold

With falling temperature, the mutants lose their coordination, and are eventually paralyzed.

Drosophila melanogasterpray for elves

Suzan Lewis, working in the FlyBase release 3 annotation project, writes about naming the gene: "It is the middle of the night (2:38 to be precise), I am away from friends and family, It has been this way for over 2 years, I can't sleep because of all the work there is yet to do, and there is no end in sight. So when do the magic little elves appear out of nowhere and get everything done?"

Drosophila melanogasterring

Since the authors didn't know the function of their gene, they named it RING - "Really Interesting New Gene". Appropriately, a domain in the protein was later named RING finger.

Drosophila melanogasterstuck

Mutant males get stuck in females.

Drosophila melanogastersunday driver

Neuronal molecule traffic is mixed up in mutants.

Drosophila melanogasterswiss cheese

Mutant flies' brains have swiss-cheese-like holes.

Drosophila melanogastertechnical knockout

Mutants are sensitive to mechanical shock. They fall over and are temporarily paralyzed.

Drosophila melanogasterhalf pint

Cheryl Van Buskirk writes: "The mutant ovaries produce egg chambers that contain eight instead of sixteen cells. Since there are 16oz in a pint, we figured it was a pretty fitting name. Half pint is also an informal term for a very short person, and it so happens that the mutant eggs were indeed quite short. Sadly, the official gene name has since become Dmel/pUf68, based on its molecular weight and homology to poly-U binding splicing factors, and the name half pint is considered a synonym."

Escherichia colimazEF

After the Hebrew term 'Ma Ze' ('What is it?'). Later discovered to encode an addiction molecule.

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Haemophilus influenzaefucK

The fuculokinase gene of this bacterium is known of this clever abbreviation.

Homo sapienship, hop

Hip and hop gene products help other proteins to fold correctly. That is, many proteins require them to acquire the correct 3D structure. For those in doubt, Mc Hawking proves that science and hiphop belong inseparably together. (The primary official names listed by HUGO for these genes are almost equally humorous ST13 and STIP1.)

Homo sapiensJAK-1

Abbreviation for janus kinase. The gene codes an essential kinase (= an enzyme phosphorylating other proteins) that functions in the internal signalling system of cells. In the Janus kinases, there are two phosphate-transferring domains. Thus, it got its name from the Roman two-faced gatekeeper of the heaven Janus. 
The abbreviation JAK is also said to stand for "just another kinase" as there are so overwhelmingly many kinases in the body that no-one can remember them all anyway.

Homo sapiensmad, max

Proteins coded by mad and max bind to each other and take care that genes do not work at the wrong time. Mad Max (Mel Gibson) was on the good side, as well.

Homo sapienspokemon

One of the POK genes (encoding proteins which turn off other genes): POK Erythroid Myeloid Ontogenic factor. Pokemon is an oncogene: if it is mutated, it can cause cancer. In fact, it appears to be a master switch for cancer.
The primary name recommended by OMIM is "ZINC FINGER- AND BTB DOMAIN-CONTAINING PROTEIN 7".

Homo sapienssonic hedgehog

The gene was first found in fruit fly. It was named hedgehog, as the mutant larvae resembled a hedgehog. One of the human hedgehog genes was named sonic hedgehog, according to the Sega computer game character.

Homo sapienstigger

Tigger is a transposable element in the human genome, i.e. it can jump to another location in the genome. Tigger, in A.A. Milne's Winnie the Pooh, was a bouncy, trouncy, flouncy, pouncy character.

Homo sapiensARSE

This is the handy official symbol of the arylsulfatase E gene.

Homo sapiensMT1

This stands for at least eleven different genes in the human.

Homo sapiensTNFRSF1B

This jolly gene (full name: tumor necrosis factor receptor subfamily, member 1B) is also known as TNFR2, TNFBR, TNFR-75 kD, TNFR-80 kD, p75TNFR, p75 and CD120b. In other words, quite normal for a human gene.

Homo sapiensSEMA5A

The full name of this gene is "sema domain, seven thrombospondin repeats (type 1 and type 1-like), transmembrane domain (TM) and short cytoplasmic domain, (semaphorin) 5A". When a new gene is found, often all that is known of it is that it resembles some other genes. So, it easily gets named "gene like this and that gene", like this one involved in axonal guidance. Fortunately, this gene is usually called just SEMA5A, which is its official short symbol.

Luciola lateralisluciferase

Luciferase is a common name for enzymes that catalyze reactions producing light. The name luciferase was coined by the German electrophysiologist Emil Heinrich DuBois-Reymond. Lucifer, the fallen angel, is also known as the light-giver.

Ovis ariescallipyge

Mutant sheep have huge, muscular bottoms. Callipyge (greek) means "beautiful buttocks".

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Saccharomyces cerevisiaeZZZ1

A yeast gene involved somehow in sleep (???): the mutants respond differently to volatile anesthetics.

Schistocerca americanalazarillo

The gene guides growing nerve axons in grasshopper. Lazarillo earns his living by guiding a blind person in a 16. century Spanish novel by an anonymous author "La vida de Lazarillo de Tormes y de sus fortunas y adversidades contadas por el mismo" or  "The Life of Lazarillo of Tormes, his fortunes and misfortunes as told by himself."

Schizosaccharomyces pombewee1

Yeast gene names consist of just three letters and a number. So, one must be pretty clever to put something descriptive in the name. Like the discoverer of this gene: wee1 mutants divide sooner than they should, so they are wee small.